![]() It was the Punic Wars from 264-146 BC, along with some conflicts with Greece, that allowed Rome to take control of Carthage and Corinth and thus become the dominant maritime power in the Mediterranean. Rome continued to expand through the Republican Period and gained control over the entire Italian peninsula by 338 BC. In 451 BC, the Romans established the “Twelve Tables,” a standardized code of laws meant for public, private, and political matters. However, a dictator could be nominated in times of crisis. No longer ruled by kings, the Romans established a new form of government whereby the upper classes ruled, namely the senators and the equestrians, or knights. Rome entered its Republican Period in 510 BC. The end of the Period of Kings came with the decline of Etruscan power, thus ushering in Rome’s Republican Period. Politically, this period saw the early formation of the Roman constitution. During this brief time Rome, led by no fewer than six kings, advanced both militaristically and economically with increases in physical boundaries, military might, and production and trade of goods including oil lamps. The first period in Roman history is known as the Period of Kings, and it lasted from Rome’s founding until 510 BC. Archaeological evidence indicates that a great deal of change and unification took place around 600 BC which likely led to the establishment of Rome as a true city. It is unclear whether they came together in defense or as a result of being brought under Etruscan rule. It is thought that the city-state of Rome was initially formed by Latium villagers joining together with settlers from the surrounding hills in response to an Etruscan invasion. Rome was founded around 625 BC in the areas of ancient Italy known as Etruria and Latium. The history of the Roman Empire can be divided into three distinct periods: The Period of Kings (625-510 BC), Republican Rome (510-31 BC), and Imperial Rome (31 BC – AD 476). View Announcement Search toggle Mobile Menu Toggle Wisconsin Statewide Community Science Project.
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